The term teenager was given to those in between the year of 12 and 19 and made them an easy target for the media to exploit. The media put the stereotype on youth as being rebellious and being the source of social disorder. It was during the 50's that the first teen-aged youths started to stand out as a distinct group with interests, fashions, musical tastes and economic power of their own. For the first time, young people had both the money and the freedom to express themselves and what they wanted. The entertainment industry realised that there was now a whole new market that wanted to be represented with their own films and their own music. Teenage rebellion began in the 50’s due to the increased levels of freedom and independence. It is also around this time that the media began to show teenagers to be rebellious, destructive people. Before and during the war you were either a child or an adult, there was no stage in between. The media was produced by white middle aged men. Medhursts theory "They are awful because they are not like us" is applicable to the media in the 50's as the middle aged men would attempt to mock the youth of the day by depicting them as being rebellious and social deviants.

During the 60's Youth was targeted and labelled as being social deviants and were generally looked down upon in society because of they "disruptive traits". There were three distinct subcultures during this time, Mods, Rockers and the Hippies. The invention of contraception revolutionised the 60's, any woman at the time could get a contraceptive pill, breaking the stereotype of getting married before sex and settling down with a family. The introduction of the contraceptive pill is a good representation of Stanley Halls theory of 1904 which in part stated that youth are constantly thinking about sex. Films in the 60's also portrayed Youth as troublesome and rather negatively, an example of this is the Beatles film, A Hard Day's Night made in 1964 by Richard Lester, throughout the film the Beatles are depicted as being quite devious and troublesome. In one part they also try to chat up some girls on the train another representation of Stanley Halls theory as youth thinking about sex. "Don't take that tone with me young man, I fought the war for your kind" A quote from the film from an old man directed at the 4 boys, an example of Medhursts "Awful because they are not like us" theory. Osgerby 1998 and Hedbridge's 1988 theories would also apply to this film as there is a dual stereotype depending on your perspective, on one hand youth is depicted as trouble whereas on the other hand youth is depicted as fun. The Newspaper also followed in portraying youth as trouble. "Wild Ones invade seaside, 97 arrests" and "Wild Ones "beat up" Margate, 47 arrests". Media was being seen by a wider audience at this time due to the introduction of the television, it can be argued that the reason youth was seen as rebellious during the 60's is because more people simply paid more attention to the media. The middle aged white men who controlled the media created the stereotype by using the media to depict the youth as social deviants and nothing more.

During the 90’s fashion changed dramatically from the 80’s, fashion was mainly influenced by popular music at the time. Bands like Nirvana were categorised into the grunge genre and many people not only enjoyed the music but also the clothes, this included ripped jeans and checked shirts. Trainspotting 1996 by Danny Boyle is a movie that follows a group of men and their involvement with drugs, for its time the movie was very explicit in terms of what was shown on screen such as nudity and the use of drugs was depicted very thoroughly. It made the audience feel very uncomfortable which beneficially acted as free press for the movie; possibly explaining it’s success. The movie very much glamorised the lifestyle that it portrayed using music that was new and cool at the time of it’s release. Poll tax riots, Margaret Thatcher, Kurt Cobain’s death, mobile phones and Internet.

Throughout the 00's youth was portrayed very negatively through newpapers and films, however the introduction of social network sites made it possible for youth to portray themselved in a more realistic and true way by what they wrote/uploaded.The term teenager was given to those in between the year of 12 and 19 and made them an easy target for the media to exploit. The media put the stereotype on youth as being rebellious and being the source of social disorder. It was during the 50's that the first teen-aged youths started to stand out as a distinct group with interests, fashions, musical tastes and economic power of their own. For the first time, young people had both the money and the freedom to express themselves and what they wanted. The entertainment industry realised that there was now a whole new market that wanted to be represented with their own films and their own music. Teenage rebellion began in the 50’s due to the increased levels of freedom and independence. It is also around this time that the media began to show teenagers to be rebellious, destructive people. Before and during the war you were either a child or an adult, there was no stage in between. The media was produced by white middle aged men. Medhursts theory "They are awful because they are not like us" is applicable to the media in the 50's as the middle aged men would attempt to mock the youth of the day by depicting them as being rebellious and social deviants.

During the 60's Youth was targeted and labelled as being social deviants and were generally looked down upon in society because of they "disruptive traits". There were three distinct subcultures during this time, Mods, Rockers and the Hippies. The invention of contraception revolutionised the 60's, any woman at the time could get a contraceptive pill, breaking the stereotype of getting married before sex and settling down with a family. The introduction of the contraceptive pill is a good representation of Stanley Halls theory of 1904 which in part stated that youth are constantly thinking about sex. Films in the 60's also portrayed Youth as troublesome and rather negatively, an example of this is the Beatles film, A Hard Day's Night made in 1964 by Richard Lester, throughout the film the Beatles are depicted as being quite devious and troublesome. In one part they also try to chat up some girls on the train another representation of Stanley Halls theory as youth thinking about sex. "Don't take that tone with me young man, I fought the war for your kind" A quote from the film from an old man directed at the 4 boys, an example of Medhursts "Awful because they are not like us" theory. Osgerby 1998 and Hedbridge's 1988 theories would also apply to this film as there is a dual stereotype depending on your perspective, on one hand youth is depicted as trouble whereas on the other hand youth is depicted as fun. The Newspaper also followed in portraying youth as trouble. "Wild Ones invade seaside, 97 arrests" and "Wild Ones "beat up" Margate, 47 arrests". Media was being seen by a wider audience at this time due to the introduction of the television, it can be argued that the reason youth was seen as rebellious during the 60's is because more people simply paid more attention to the media. The middle aged white men who controlled the media created the stereotype by using the media to depict the youth as social deviants and nothing more.

During the 90’s fashion changed dramatically from the 80’s, fashion was mainly influenced by popular music at the time. Bands like Nirvana were categorised into the grunge genre and many people not only enjoyed the music but also the clothes, this included ripped jeans and checked shirts. Trainspotting 1996 by Danny Boyle is a movie that follows a group of men and their involvement with drugs, for its time the movie was very explicit in terms of what was shown on screen such as nudity and the use of drugs was depicted very thoroughly. It made the audience feel very uncomfortable which beneficially acted as free press for the movie; possibly explaining it’s success. The movie very much glamorised the lifestyle that it portrayed using music that was new and cool at the time of it’s release. Poll tax riots, Margaret Thatcher, Kurt Cobain’s death, mobile phones and Internet.

Throughout the 00's youth was portrayed very negatively through newpapers and films, however the introduction of social network sites made it possible for youth to portray themselved in a more realistic and true way by what they wrote/uploaded.

00's Notes

Chavs in Tracksuits
BNP Nationalists
Emos, Punks and Goths

McFly
Sclub 7
Indie/Folk Music
Digital/Remix

BNP, anti european 
9/11 - the war on terror begins
London Riots
Gay Marriage, pop stars commercialising on "Gay"

Smart Technology

Social Media

Online Bullying/Suicide

Neck Nominations

Throughout the 00's youth was portrayed very negatively through newpapers and films, however the introduction of social network sites made it possible for youth to portray themselved in a more realistic and true way by what they wrote/uploaded.

70's Notes and Paragraph

Death of the 60s

Disintegration of the 60s dream of peace and love-

Symbolised by death of Martin Luther King-1968

An era of disorder of

Social-

Political- height of the cold war, government/trade union disagreement, trade union control a lot of the workers, strikes, power cuts

Economic- unemployment

Cultural- race riots, immigration creating ethnic/cultural division

Oil crisis- OPEC-energy crisis

A division ideologically and politically

The baby boom from before now the youth, large population increase, need more jobs, mass unemployment

The youth become more distant from authority, from the trade union, youth movements in fashion, lifestyle, music-Punk angry, confrontational, violent

Ska- musical, fashion, lifestyle movement, reggae, punk, multicultural music came together

Film examples-

The Railway Children- nostalgia to a past era

Bugsy Malone- nostalgia, surreal

A Clockwork Orange- A dystopian Britain, but really a representation of current period

Quadrophenia- gangs, though is set in 60s with mods and rockers

Scum- youth in prison

80's Notes and Paragraph

Recovery from the 70s
Economic boom
Explosion of self-interest
Greed
Cold war come to conclusion,
Triumph of capital economy- collapse of communism

Conservative- Thatcher
political strength, work & prosper
Democratic conservative mandate

increase in inequality between rich and poor

FILMS-

Withnail and I

Gregory's Girl- not angry violent youth, drifting away from society

Rita, Sue and Bob Too

My Beautiful Laundrette- underclass of society

Collective Identity

“Media simply represents collective identity, they don’t create it.” How far do you agree with this statement? Make reference to one or more groups in you answer.

Over the last 100 years, medias such as newspapers, films and more recently social medias, have overall had a representation of youth as negative. I will look at these last 100 years with case studies from this range of different medias in relation, also, to the theories of Stanley Hall, Osgerby and Hebdige. Hall said, in 1904, said that youth need excitement which was sought through drink, drugs, sex and criminal activity, whilst Osgerby, 1998 and Hebdige, 1988, both talked of dual stereotyping of youth with both ‘youth as fun’ and ‘youth as trouble makers’, with Osgerby saying ‘the portrayal of youth is not entirely pessimistic.’

90's Paragraph

90’s Film

Trainspotting 1996 Danny Boyle

More illegal behaviour compared to earlier decades

Makes the audience feel uncomfortable

Extreme violence, drugs, crime

Media took a step further in terms of portrayal of youth

Music used in the film glamorises the lifestyle.

Youth at the time was influenced heavily by music such as Nirvana

90’s

Fashion – primarily grunge (nirvanva), hair dye, football tops, Leah Bett’s, Poll tax riot and protest (Margaret Thatcher), Kurt Cobain’s death, mobile phones and Internet, osgerby and hedbridge (fun because of music and trouble because of what is being depicted) a juxtaposition of sound and imagery linking to the theories of osgerby and hedbridge

During the 90’s fashion changed dramatically from the 80’s, fashion was mainly influenced by popular music at the time. Bands like Nirvana were categorised into the grunge genre and many people not only enjoyed the music but also the clothes, this included ripped jeans and checked shirts. Trainspotting 1996 by Danny Boyle is a movie that follows a group of men and their involvement with drugs, for its time the movie was very explicit in terms of what was shown on screen such as nudity and the use of drugs was depicted very thoroughly. It made the audience feel very uncomfortable which beneficially acted as free press for the movie; possibly explaining it’s success. The movie very much glamorised the lifestyle that it portrayed using music that was new and cool at the time of it’s release. Poll tax riots, Margaret Thatcher, Kurt Cobain’s death, mobile phones and Internet.

60's Paragraph

During the 60's Youth was targeted and labelled as being social deviants and were generally looked down upon in society because of they "disruptive traits". There were three distinct subcultures during this time, Mods, Rockers and the Hippies. The invention of contraception revolutionised the 60's, any woman at the time could get a contraceptive pill, breaking the stereotype of getting married before sex and settling down with a family. The introduction of the contraceptive pill is a good representation of Stanley Halls theory of 1904 which in part stated that youth are constantly thinking about sex. Films in the 60's also portrayed Youth as troublesome and rather negatively, an example of this is the Beatles film, A Hard Day's Night made in 1964 by Richard Lester, throughout the film the Beatles are depicted as being quite devious and troublesome. In one part they also try to chat up some girls on the train another representation of Stanley Halls theory as youth thinking about sex. "Don't take that tone with me young man, I fought the war for your kind" A quote from the film from an old man directed at the 4 boys, an example of Medhursts "Awful because they are not like us" theory. Osgerby 1998 and Hedbridge's 1988 theories would also apply to this film as there is a dual stereotype depending on your perspective, on one hand youth is depicted as trouble whereas on the other hand youth is depicted as fun. The Newspaper also followed in portraying youth as trouble. "Wild Ones invade seaside, 97 arrests" and "Wild Ones "beat up" Margate, 47 arrests". Media was being seen by a wider audience at this time due to the introduction of the television, it can be argued that the reason youth was seen as rebellious during the 60's is because more people simply paid more attention to the media. The middle aged white men who controlled the media created the stereotype by using the media to depict the youth as social deviants and nothing more.

60's NOTES

1960’s

Opening sentence – summarise what was happening during the decade in terms of youth culture, subscultures, science, pill, technology, social/political. Link to theory

Newspaper Quotes Link To theory

Film reference – points in narrative characters that link to theories

Concluding sentence about whether media create the identity or reported on what is happening therefore making it better known.

The 1960’s divided youth into three main subcultures, hippies, mods and rockers. This was mainly due to the changing technology such as the introduction of Television in Britain, which allowed the British youth to watch American produced televisions shows

60's Brainstorm (Notes)

Hippies, world peace, nuclear disarmament, ban the bomb, drugs, Beatles
Moon Landing
World Cup Win
Rockers - bikers
Mods - scooters, hair gel,
Contraception
Television - allowed multiculturalism, had a higher impact on teenagers over newspaper

NEWSPAPER QUOTES

- BBC (1964) "Mods and Rockers Jailed After Seaside Riots"

- The Guardian (1964) "Fifty-nine teenagers were arrested for throwing stones, for carrying offensive weapons (including a starting pistol, a leather belt with brass buckle, a cricket bat, a golf club, chains and stones), for obstructing the police, for damaging deck chairs, for using threatening behaviour and for using obscene language"

A Hard Day's Night - Beatles Film Notes (1964)

"Let's all try and behave like normal ordinary citizens"

Old man looks grumpy - Medhurst "Awful, not like us"

"Don't take that tone with me young man, I fought the war for your kind" - Medhurst

Trying to chat up the two woman on the train

Pretending to be criminals - Stanley Hall, Youth as rebellion

"Are you a Mod or a Rocker?" "I'm a Mocker"

Youth in the 50's

The term teenager was given to those in between the year of 12 and 19 and made them an easy target for the media to exploit. The media put the stereotype on youth as being rebellious and being the source of social disorder. It was during the 50's that the first teen-aged youths started to stand out as a distinct group with interests, fashions, musical tastes and economic power of their own. For the first time, young people had both the money and the freedom to express themselves and what they wanted. The entertainment industry realised that there was now a whole new market that wanted to be represented with their own films and their own music. Teenage rebellion began in the 50’s due to the increased levels of freedom and independence. It is also around this time that the media began to show teenagers to be rebellious, destructive people. Before and during the war you were either a child or an adult, there was no stage in between. The media was produced by white middle aged men. Medhursts theory "They are awful because they are not like us" is applicable to the media in the 50's as the middle aged men would attempt to mock the youth of the day by depicting them as being rebellious and social deviants.